1. What is Organic Chemistry?
Answer: Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon.
2. What are the two classes of chemical compounds?
Answer: Inorganic compounds and organic compounds.
3. Where do the inorganic compounds come from?
Answer: Inorganic compounds are those obtained from minerals.
4. Where do the organic compounds come from?
Answer: The organic compounds are obtained from vegetable or animal sources, in other words, from material produced by living organisms.
5. What common aspect can be found in all organic compounds?
Answer: They all contain the element Carbon.
6. How most organic compounds are obtained these days?
Answer: Most compounds are synthesized from other organic compounds. Some are synthesized from inorganic substances like carbonates or cyanides.
7. What are the two largest reservoirs of organic material?
Answer: petroleum and Coal (fossil fuels).
8. Mention some of the alternative sources of power.
Answer: Solar, Geothermal, Wind, Waves, tides and nuclear energy.
9. Where do the fossil fuels originally come from?
Answer: They come from Biomass.
DID YOU KNOW: The number of compounds that contain carbon is many times greater than the number of compounds that do not contain carbon?
10. What is special about carbon atoms?
Answer: Carbon atoms have the tendency to attach to one another greater than any other atom. They form chains, long and short, or rings of all sizes; the chains and rings may also have branches and cross-links.
11. Apart from itself, which atoms does carbon attach itself to?
Answer: They are usually attached to hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorous among many others.
NOTE: Each different arrangement of atoms corresponds to a different compound and each compound has its own set of characteristic set of chemical and physical properties.
12. What are the various fields in which organic chemistry is used?
Answer: It is the chemistry of drugs and dyes, paper and ink, paints and plastics, gasoline and rubber tires, food we eat and clothes we wear. In fact, living organisms are also chiefly made of organic compounds.
13. What is Structural theory? Mention its importance.
Answer: The structural theory is the framework of ideas about how atoms are put together to make molecules. It has to do with the order in which atoms are attached to each other, and with the electrons that hold them together. It has to do with the shapes and sizes of the molecules that these atoms form, and with the way that electrons are distributed over them.
14. How are atoms and molecules represented?
Answer: The atomic nuclei are represented by letters or plastic balls, and the electrons that join them by lines or dots. A molecule is often represented by a picture or a model or a combination of pictures or models.
15. What information does a good molecular model portray?
Answer: a good molecular model tell us a good deal about the compound, how to go about making it, what physical properties to expect of it- melting point, boiling point, specific gravity, the kinds of solvents the compound will dissolve in, whether it will be colored or not, the kind of reagents it will react with and the kinds of products formed and whether it will react slowly or rapidly.
16. What is a chemical bond?
Answer: A chemical bond represents the forces that bind the atoms together.
17. What are the two kinds of chemical bonds?
Answer: The two kinds of chemical bonds are ionic bond and covalent bond. Both these bonds arise from the tendency of atoms to have their outer shell filled with electrons to achieve stability, as in the noble gases.
18. What is an ionic bond?
Answer: Ionic Bonds are formed from transfer of electrons. The electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions is called an ionic bond. Such bonds are typical of salts formed by the combination of an electropositive element with an electronegative element. Example lithium fluoride.
19. What is a covalent bond?
Answer: Covalent bonds are formed from sharing of electrons. The electrostatic attraction between each electron and both nuclei results in a covalent bond. Example HF, H2O, NH3, CH4 and CF4
20. What is Quantum mechanics?
Answer: It is the theory developed in 1926 by Edwin Schrodinger which deals with the mathematical expressions to describe the motion of an electron in terms of its energy. These equations were named as wave equations because electrons show properties of not only particles but also of waves.
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